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Auster: The language, vocation, the writer

The writer knows his life is in the language, your happiness or misery depends on it. I've been a lover of words, I was his servant, a scanner over his body, a mole digging in his basement, I am also his inquisitor, his lawyer, his executioner. I am the angel of the guard and the malicious serpent, the apple tree and the devil. Babel: everything becomes confusing because the term is almost no literature that different people mean the same thing, and now I tired to continue pondering the dilemma useless sometimes give much importance to whether a young man becomes a writer because the Goddess Literature it has provided or, conversely, does it for normal reasons: their environment, children, the school he goes, his friends and reading and, above all, instinct, which is essentially one who has approached their vocation. Moreover, outside the work nothing else matters.

Sergio Pitol, The Wizard of Vienna, pp. 86-87

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always had painted the sea from outside but this time I am painting from within.

Antonio Sánchez-Gil http://arteycartelera.es

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Todorov: No art would be lost

In principle, the art brings us closer to truth and freedom, but I know many artists who are not free and that makes their lives much harder. "With this forceful expressed Tzvetan Todorov (Sofia, 1939), director of the Center for Research on Language Arts and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) of France, in this interview.
Considered one of the key thinkers of the Europe of the last two decades, Todorov, Bulgarian by birth and French by adoption, has been awarded the Medal of the Order of Arts and Letters in France and the Prince of Asturias Prize for Social Sciences in 2008. The English jury said, when the granting of that distinction, that this philosopher and historian who taught educational courses at the universities of Paris, Yale, New York, Columbia, Harvard and California, "represents the spirit of unity Europe, East and West, and commitment to the ideals of freedom, equality, inclusion and justice. "

what role art plays in the achievement of those ideals for which he was awarded the Prince of Asturias? He said the musician
German Richard Wagner to the supreme end of man is the end of art, that art is the highest human activity, which ends its existence on Earth, and that true art is the pinnacle of freedom ... Well, they are words that for some may be considered excessive from a great artist who is meant to equate art, freedom and human dignity. Art is now a phenomenon of multiple forms and diverse manifestations. Therein lies its richness. I think art has a negative connotation when viewed from one angle, from a single formula. Art is an important part of society and the individual. Artistic expression us closer to freedom, truth if you will, but it is not synonymous with or otherwise. I know many artists who are not free and not a few who are not in truth his main objective.
From the romantic era art takes leading role, as it is considered that provides a superior knowledge and represents the highest activity to which human beings can engage. He has spent time with all its vagaries and history teaches us that the romantic dream, but infinitely less deadly than political utopia also houses a large portion of disappointment. But no art without artists would be lost. For decades
totalitarianism has been studied in Europe. Do you think it may be extended in the near future and generally anti-democratic attitudes?
One of the characteristics of fascism, and Nazism, is to have a very strong nationalist component. We see that in this sense, in Europe today are developing in a certain behavior and disturbing footage of position could be considered as remnants of the past. I mean, xenophobia and distrust abroad and to the immigrant. This suggests the possibility, however remote I think, that there is a revival of these unacceptable positions totalitarian. Some seem to defend Europe as were a kind of strength that would preserve the "pure" versus the outside.
Communism also may constitute a risk in this regard because this ideology adopts a doctrine of salvation that promises great improvements in terms of equal human beings, although we know and the reality has amply demonstrated its total failure. The fall of the Berlin Wall marked the end, the collapse of communism. Born as a solid then hope for a more harmonious world order. But today, just 20 years later, if we look at the reality we find that this hope was illusory and that certain features of the ultra-liberal democratic project marked disturbing shadows by messianism and totalitarianism. We must be attentive to these signs.
What prompted you to study the forms of totalitarianism and repression?
come from a country that experienced a strong repression. I was born in Bulgaria on the eve of World War II. My country went to the zone of Soviet influence in September 1944. Until I went to France at age 24 I experienced the ordeal of a harsh dictatorship. In Sofia, where I was born and studied Arts, I began to value more and more negative the scheme in which he lived. Only within the family and closest friends could express my opinions. After the terrible repression in Hungary in 1956, Bulgaria dissent and public expression of what you thought was a mere utopia as they ruthlessly repressed by the slightest expression of protest. As I have written in my book The totalitarian experience, at first there was a risk of being expelled from university, work and even the city in which one lived. If relapsed, it was difficult to finish in one of the remote prison camps, they were real colonies of imprisonment and repression that are often not out alive. What moves
dictators and those who abet?
Its purpose is, as Obviously, winning and retaining power and the means by which they use are just beautiful and false ideological constructs. Bottom line, whatever the supposed ideology behind a dictatorship, is to seize power. Naturally, this makes individuals living in a totalitarian country people "no opinion." At the time, society in the countries of Eastern Europe join the communist ideology played a simple ritual. All or many, the claim, but nobody, or almost no one believes it.
Moreover, it is essential to submit unconditionally to the head. Those who assist the dictator, and this applies to any kind of dictatorship, in general are not fanatics, but cynical careerists who do what they do to access a privileged position and secure a better life. The motor of social life in a dictatorship is not the faith and belief in an ideal, but the will to power.
You have remarked that sometimes the intellectuals are tempted by these ideologies ...
Yes, that is, and is a curious phenomenon. When I came to France from a country without freedom, I noticed that there were few who defended the regime that horrified me, I had been deprived of the freedom to express my thoughts and, of course, to act. It was an enigma to me. After I realized that those people, those intellectuals who argued that they did so from a purely ideological and far from reality. The ideas were very attractive, but the reality of undeniable cruelty. I think that the intellectual, as the engine of thought of a community has an obligation not to move only in the world of ideas, but down to reality, check it and then judge, take a stand and act.
What do you think about the recent controversy in France and Italy expulsion of Roma from Romania?
We crashed the lifestyle of these groups, different from the average. Do not live in central cities do not wear a suit and tie, do not bring children to school. That is harvested and used as a throwing against them. As if they were all violent and put the community at risk. But do not forget that they are European citizens and members of the Union. They were expelled to Romania, but they can come back tomorrow. They have their rights as European citizens. That said, everything that has been created around this issue I think is a way to distract the community of more serious problems. There is talk of this and so do not talk about some of the major problems these countries live. From that standpoint I think that what's past is a mockery of citizenship, a masquerade. Does
medications against the risk of sectarianism, both individually and collectively?
I think we should look at reality from an objective. Freedom of information is essential. The function of journalism is of decisive importance. We talked about a free press, no straightjacket. No bound or biased. Education in the broadest sense is a key tool to prevent these hazards. Of course, school education, but also to be exercised by reporters, politicians, etc.. An education based on respect and consideration of the diversity of the world and who in the world live. May we open ourselves to others, to other worlds, and fail to consider us as the only and best.
And the art?
As we mentioned at the beginning of this talk, art and the artistic are essential elements of being human. I wrote four years ago, adventurers of all, a book is very focused on creating and artistically. He recalled in an editorial that text from a magazine that began: "Beauty will save the world. Dostoyesvski phrase has never been present. Because when so many things go wrong around us is the time to talk about the beauty of the planet and human beings who inhabit it. "
Beauty, wrote then, involves not spend your life watching the sunsets or moonlight, nor strive to enrich it with decorative items acquired in a trade. Rather, it refers to the attempt to order it in a way that considers individual consciousness harmonious, so that their various ingredients, social, professional, intimate, material-constitute an intelligible whole. The art in all its expressions and in the sense that it involves creation, clearly contributes to the harmony Logar.

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Pichulita Vargas Llosa or neutered

A brief glance at history reveals that a Nobel prize often marked by nonsense, by the grossest stupidity and manipulation. In a pointed article Oscar Collazos showed that the list of great writers who died without having received it, is of dignity that accompanies the winners.

" I will not talk about Marcel Proust and Nabokov, Joyce and Ezra Pound. I promise to say nothing of Graham Greene or Robert Musil. None of Virginia Wolf and Herman Broch, Marguerite Yourcenar and Robert Graves, who died in Deia, Mallorca, bearing the stigma of being the greatest living poet "important" in English. Each separately, and we in amorphous mass of fans, we know that is easier to endure injustice overcome the ambiguity of success, especially when it is unanimously by the dubious legitimacy of a great prize.
would be preferable to speak of Joao Guimaraes Rosa, Juan Rulfo, Alejo Carpentier, José Lezama Lima and Juan Carlos Onetti, because it is virtually impossible to think that before 1959 the Swedes were aware of the immense work of Alfonso Reyes, as it is likely that , incidentally, had read translations of César Vallejo and Vicente Huidobro . "

So Collazos evaluated at the beginning of his article" The importance of not to wait "the bittersweet theme of Nobel, and we could add more details . For example, it has to do with the fact that the Swedish Academy resists to recognize the young genius, daring and transgressive, however, prefers to capo whose work is universally recognized, the undisputed guru of boom, but at the bottom and does nothing but take off the vest and repeat fleas in high-sounding ditty her recipe, which recognizes the claque and eagerly awaited the latest reincarnation of "female reader." Swedes also distinguishes his inveterate tendency to reward political correctness, descent and most visceral right opportunism, in other words, he emphasizes his predilection for those who know how to live without breaking a plate, those who join prestigious clubs enjoy the advantages of belonging to the International Pen.

Yesterday the Swedish Academy acted consistently with its parameters, their likes and phobias, to reward a Vargas Llosa in full intellectual decline, a writer whose last three novels are far from the brilliance achieved with The green house , City and dogs or Conversation in the Cathedral. The author to reward, in fact, no longer recognized, it is impossible to identify with these works whose common sign is the sharp denunciation of the vices of an atrocious through bold narrative, the structure of communicating vessels was perfect vehicle to question the reality of Latin America individualized characters such as Jaguar, the Poet, Lituma, Wildflower, Zavalita, Ambrose or Key Shit. And if we look at their essays, the reality is even more sad, because despite the insistence of Vargas Llosa to vindicate an alleged democratic affiliation, the fund is unable to hide his fascist vocation, it is impossible to hide when you read her unfortunate "reflections" praising the merciless bombing and the invasion of Iraq, or their stuttering sometimes cloying praise for Bush and Thatcher, who is revealed as a senile object of desire for this miraflorino with airs of a gentleman.

But the issue does not end here, because it is accompanied with a fickle trend, which had already been noticed in the personal history of boom , Jose Donoso, whose page 175 we read: "Mario Super Star", the public exposure and political action. I do not know if it is attracted to power itself. It seems more likely to be a sporting attitude, almost aesthetic dimensions ...". And the public exposure found its natural expression, but also his nemesis in 1990.

But before proceeding it is necessary to return to the year 1967, when Vargas Llosa published one of his most intimate friends: Puppies. Scholars agree saying that in this nouvelle realistic and symbolic elements coexist, immersed in a simple story, almost a collective bildungsroman whose argument runs "through adolescence and youth adjustment problems, fierce society punishes those who do not follow their rules or meet its requirements ...). The novel shows the lack of adaptation brought about by something insurmountable physical castration. This castration may symbolize the lack of machismo in the character (Pichula Cuéllar), a feature that characterizes this society portrayed. Cuellar, however, never rejects this machismo, but it tries to adapt to it, even knowing he can not. "

And its star, Pichula Cuellar has been enmasculado by a dog, Judas, in a scene of violence: "There, shrunken, white tiles, tiles and trickles of water, trembling, heard the barking of Judas, weeping de Cuellar, his cries, and heard screams, jumps, crashes, slips and then only barking and a lot of time after the booming voice of Sister Lucia, the swearing of Leontius, the heck, my God, you were, SAPES, long long, the desperation of the Brothers, their terrible shock. " And the narrator adds: "By that time, not long after the accident, Pichulita began to tell." Cuéllar misfortune to continue to culminate in a denouement announced: his death: "Then Pichula Cuéllar the business again. What a man, Lalo said," ran waves on Easter? And Chingolo: waves not olona five feet, brother, and major neck and "..." had gone to the mountain, Tingo Maria, to grow coffee. "" ... and had returned to Miraflores, crazier than ever, and had already killed, going north, how?, in a crash, where? in the treacherous curves Pasamayo, poor, we said at the funeral, how he suffered what life was, but this final is a fact that was asking for. "

Castration and death, nothing more, nothing less. And society, or Pichulita Friends, continue normally with their lives until his castration, misfortune and death are in the most dull forgetfulness. Many of the fears of Vargas Llosa, many of his inner demons, confessed source of his inspiration, nest on this story, a story revealing the extent which could explain his attitude to the events of 1990, which marked his departure ("castration? ) of political and visceral rejection to any form of recognition of popular sovereignty, an attitude of defiance to the rejection he had his candidacy for president, expressed by 62% of the mass electorate who turned in favor of a quasi- unknown Alberto Fujimori, who was defeated by a wide margin of 24 points (Vargas Llosa won 38%) in the second round held on June 10, 1990. That

June 10, 1990, Vargas Llosa suffered the same fate as the troubled protagonist of Puppies that day the people of Peru, the controlling authority in more than one occasion has been called a blob and ignorant, preferred an obscure Japanese immigrant rather than national literary glory, and that same day Vargas Llosa Pichulita metamorphosed into a gelding and spiteful, unable to comprehend such an affront.

Resentment built up over the years and became a burden heavy Vargas Llosa was determined to exorcise through Pyrrhic victories, as the English citizen in 1993; of celebrations droll, as in 2002, when he hastened to celebrate what it considered the departure of Chavez from power after the coup attempt and Carmona Venezuelan right, or elevated to excited primate, and in August 2009, when he declared in favor of the coup in Honduras, told the media at the service of the oligarchy igonorante catracha crude and have repeated to disgust this 7 October on the occasion of the Nobel.

But there is unmistakably a tinge of sadness in each of their shares, which become pale carbon copy of the deeds Pichula that Cuellar was trying to hide their miserable condition eunuch, waves and surf that runs on your car to reckless speeds, while its creator struggles to accumulate awards and honors. But deep down both are aware of their basic flaws: one Judas ate his genitals, while the other, the Peruvian people will face rubbed in their ancestral contempt forever truncating his closest public exposure. From now on, Vargas Llosa Pichula wander through the world with a bag full of dollars, a full belly, a guilty conscience and the Nobel under his arm, with the secret hope that one day finally stop listening to the threatening bark Judas, who chase him from that sad night of June 10, 1990.